1. What are the differences between sleep() and wait() methods in multi threading ?

1. sleep() method is defined in class Thread and wait() method is in class Object.
2. sleep() is a static method where as wait() is an instance method.
3. sleep(1000) will wait exactly for 1 second wait(1000) wait up-to 1 second.
4. sleep() object will keeps its locks. wait() object releases all its locks.
5. wait(), notify(), notifyAll() methods should be called only from with in synchronized context or code.
6. A thread could stop waiting earlier if it receives the notify() or notifyAll() call.

2. How do you implement synchronization ?

Synchronization is a process of restricting concurrent access to the shared resources. As synchronization is a performance issue, we should be very much careful fo decide at which part of the code the problem may occur. At that place provide a synchronized block or simply provide a synchronized method. just use the key word synchronized before the method or block. Please note that we can synchronize only blocks or methods. we can not synchronize variables or classes. By creating locks automatically by using wait(), notify() and notifyAll() methods  the Java Virtual machine taking care of inner implementation.

3. What is a green thread ?

Native threads can switch between threads preemptively, switching control from a running thread to a non-running thread at any time. Green threads only switch when control is explicitly given up by a thread (Thread.yield(), Object.wait(), etc.) or a thread performs a blocking operation (read(), etc.). On multi-CPU machines, native threads can run more than one thread simultaneously by assigning different threads to different CPUs. Green threads run on only one CPU. Native threads create the appearance that many Java processes are running: each thread takes up its own entry in the process table. One clue that these are all threads of the same process is that the memory size is identical for all the threads - they are all using the same memory. Unfortunately, this behavior limits the scalability of Java on Linux. The process table is not infinitely large, and processes can only create a limited number of threads before running out of system resources or hitting configured limits.

4. What is synchronization

Synchronization is a technique to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Synchronization stops multithreading. With synchronization , at a time only one thread will be able to access a shared resource.
Synchronization is a process of controlling the access of shared resources by the multiple threads. In non synchronized multithreaded application, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared object while another thread is in the process of using or updating the object's value. The best example to learn this concept is to understand Producer Consumer problem.

5. What is the life cycle of a servlet ?

Each Servlet has the same life cycle: a) A server loads and initializes the servlet by init () method. b) The servlet handles zero or more client?s requests through service() method. c) The server removes the servlet through destroy() method.

6. What are different ways of achieving multi-threading?

There are two ways of achieving multi-threading : By implementing Runnable interface. By extending Thread class.

7. What is synchronization and why is it important?

With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchronization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared object while another thread is in the process of using or updating that object?s value. This often leads to significant errors.

8. What is the main disadvantage of threads ?

The main disadvantage of thread is that we need to synchronize the object while using the thread-deadlocks, data races, starvation are the main issues we need to consider-performance will be low because of synchronization.

9. What threading related methods are there in object class

wait(), notify() and notifyAll() are all part of Object class and they have to be called from synchronized code only

10. What is the typical Bean life cycle in Spring Bean Factory Container ?

Bean life cycle in Spring Bean Factory Container is as follows:

• The spring container finds the bean?s definition from the XML file and instantiates the bean.
• Using the dependency injection, spring populates all of the properties as specified in the bean definition
• If the bean implements the BeanNameAware interface, the factory calls setBeanName() passing the bean?s ID.
• If the bean implements the BeanFactoryAware interface, the factory calls setBeanFactory(), passing an instance of itself.
• If there are any BeanPostProcessors associated with the bean, their post- ProcessBeforeInitialization() methods will be called.
• If an init-method is specified for the bean, it will be called.
• Finally, if there are any BeanPostProcessors associated with the bean, their postProcessAfterInitialization() methods will be called.